Side effects associated with cardiovascular drugs - Revision boxes

Beta-blockers, e.g. propranolol

• Impotence
• Shortness of breath
• Cold peripheries

ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor e.g. captopril

• Persistent dry cough

Digoxin, spironolactone

• Gynaecomastia

Amiodarone

• Hyper/hypothyroidism
• Corneal microdeposits
• Lung/liver fibrosis

Verapamil

• Constipation
• Gynaecomastia

Nifedipine

• Flushing
• Headache
• Ankle oedema

Thiazide diuretic e.g. bendrofluazide

• Gout (hyperuricaemia)

Minoxidil

• Increased hair growth

Hydralazine

• Drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)