- Occur in individuals in response to exceptional physical or psychological stress
Acute stress reaction
- Lasts a few hours/days
- Initial state of 'daze'
- Then a phase of either
- Withdrawal/stupor or
- Agitation/over-activity
- Commonly associated with autonomic signs of anxiety
Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Delayed/protracted response to a stressful event
- 'Flashbacks'
- Intense distress in/avoidance of situations resembling the event (including anniversaries)
- Emotional blunting/numbness
- Detachment from others
- Hypervigilance
- Insomnia
- Anxiety and depression
- Occasionally suicide
Management
- Counselling
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