- Seminoma usually presents between the age of 30 to 40 years whereas teratoma commonly presents earlier (20-30 years). Undescended testes are an important risk factor for testicular tumours
Torsion of the testes
- Congenital abnormality ('bell clapper deformity') that allows torsion of the whole testicle
- Normally, it is fixed within the tunica vaginalis
- Pain of torsion is severe and often associated with nausea and vomiting
- History of trauma (but doesn't need history of trauma)
- Acute epididymo-orchitis similar presentation
- Explore surgically to rule out torsion if there is any doubt
Hydrocoele
- Fluid of hydrocoele surrounds body of testis, and therefore underlying testis is impalpable
- Primary hydrocoele is idiopathic
- Secondary hydrocoele is secondary to trauma, tumour, or infection
- Epididymal cyst is separate from the testis and therefore the testis is impalpable
Acute epididymo-orchitis
- UTI symptoms such as Frequency and Dysuria
- Unprotected sexual intercourse
- Similar to torsion of the testes
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